BAB 3. REPORTED SPEECH (DIRECT AND INDIRECT)

BAB III REPORTED SPEECH (DIRECT AND INDIRECT)
Direct Speech (kalimat langsung) ialah kata-kata/kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara.
Indirect Speech ( kalimat tak langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-kata si pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, indirect speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.
Direct and Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis :
1. Statement (pernyataan),
2. Command (perintah),
3. Question (pertanyaan).
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech
1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct Indirect
Am/is/are ___ was/were
Shall/will ___ should/would
Can ___ could
May ___ might
Must
Have/has to ___ had to
Ought to

2. Time & place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct Indirect
Now ___ then
Tomorrow ___ the following day
Next week ___ the following week
Tonight ___ that night
Today ___ that day
Yesterday ___ the day before
Last night ___ the night before
Last week ___ the week before/ the
Previous week
Here ___ there
This ___ that
These ___ those

3. Tenses.
Direct Indirect
Simple Present ___ Simple Past
Simple Past ___ Past Perfect
Present Perfect
Present Continuous ___ Past Continuous
Present Perfect ___ Past Perfect Continuous
Continuous
Simple Future ___ Past Future

1. STATEMENT.
Dalam Indirect Statement, kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introductory phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam Indirect Statement ialah :
He said
He said to me that + Reported Words.
He told me

Contoh:
 Maria told her friends: “ I have been to Bali twice”
Maria told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
 Father said: “I am going out of town fomorrow”
Father said that he was going out of town the following day.
 Ana told John: “My father warned me last night.”
Ana told John that her father had warned her the night before.
 My sister said to me: “I don’t like tennis.”
My sister said to me that she didn’tblike tennis.
 Tom said: “I didn’t go to school this morning.”
Tom said that he hadn’t gone to school that morning.
2. COMMAND.
Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu:
I. Positive Command.
II. Negative Command.
Positive Command.
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to didepan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara dua kalimat penggantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah:
He asked me
to + infinitive
He told me
Contoh:
 He asked me: “Open your book”
He asked to open my book
 Ayu told me: “Stop talking to Jane”
Ayu told me to stop talking to Jane
 Mother asked John: “Pay attention to want I say”
Mother asked John to pay attention to what she say
 John told Ayu: “Wait until I come”
John told Ayu to wait until he comes
 The teacher said to the students: “Be quiet while I am talking”
The teacher told the students to be quiet while he is talking
Negative Command.
Dalam perintah negative kita tambahkan not to didepan perintah yang dilaporkan.
Contoh:
 Mega told Banny: “Don’t wait for me”
Mega told Banny not to wait for her
 I told him: “Don’t mention it to anyone”
I told him not to mention it to anyone
 Father asked her: “Don’t go there alone”
Father asked her not to go there alone
 Ira asked Tom: “Don’t come to my house again”
Ira asked Tom not to come to her house again
 Mother asked Tom: “Don’t smoke too much”
Mother asked Tom not to smoke too much
3. QUESTION.
Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti: Where, When, Why, What, Who, How dan lain-lain, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam Reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubah menjadi bentuk positif. Kalimat penganntarnya ialah:
He asked me where
+ Positive Form.
When etc.
Contoh:
 The man asked me: “Where do you live?”
The man asked me where I lived
 Tom asked Jane: “Why do you get angry with me?”
Tom asked Jane why she got angry with him
 I asked him: “When did you get back from your trip?”
I asked him when did you get back from his trip
 He asked me: “How will you go there?”
He asked me how I would go there
 John asked the girl: “ What is your name?”
John asked the girl what her name was
DAFTAR KEPUSTAKAAN
1. M.J Lado “Mastering English Grammer and Idioms”
2. Marcella Frank “Modern English”
3. Robert Krohn “ English Structure”
4. Thomson and Martinet “ Pratical English Grammar”
5. Herpinus Simanjuntak “Bahasa Inggris system 52M”

BAB 2. COMMAND AND REQUEST

BAB II COMMAND AND REQUEST
command and request
Command and Request
Definisi command and request adalah Kalimat permohonan
Pengertian command and request adalah kalimat permintaan / permohonan dengan kata ganti orang kedua

Contoh:

Come here!
Try to speak English!
Study diligently!

Apabila kalimatnya bukan kata kerja (verb), maka pakailah be di depan kalimat karena be itu adalah verb. Tapi be ini tidak ada artinya/terjemahannya.

Contoh :

Be good to her!
Be diligent!
Be careful!
Prohibition
Do not boleh dipendekkan jadi don’t yang artinya jangan kalau dileatkkan di depan kalimat.

Misalnya:

Do not come here!
Don’t look at it!
Don’t forget your lesson!