BAB 3. REPORTED SPEECH (DIRECT AND INDIRECT)

BAB III REPORTED SPEECH (DIRECT AND INDIRECT)
Direct Speech (kalimat langsung) ialah kata-kata/kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara.
Indirect Speech ( kalimat tak langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-kata si pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, indirect speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.
Direct and Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis :
1. Statement (pernyataan),
2. Command (perintah),
3. Question (pertanyaan).
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech
1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct Indirect
Am/is/are ___ was/were
Shall/will ___ should/would
Can ___ could
May ___ might
Must
Have/has to ___ had to
Ought to

2. Time & place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct Indirect
Now ___ then
Tomorrow ___ the following day
Next week ___ the following week
Tonight ___ that night
Today ___ that day
Yesterday ___ the day before
Last night ___ the night before
Last week ___ the week before/ the
Previous week
Here ___ there
This ___ that
These ___ those

3. Tenses.
Direct Indirect
Simple Present ___ Simple Past
Simple Past ___ Past Perfect
Present Perfect
Present Continuous ___ Past Continuous
Present Perfect ___ Past Perfect Continuous
Continuous
Simple Future ___ Past Future

1. STATEMENT.
Dalam Indirect Statement, kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introductory phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam Indirect Statement ialah :
He said
He said to me that + Reported Words.
He told me

Contoh:
 Maria told her friends: “ I have been to Bali twice”
Maria told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
 Father said: “I am going out of town fomorrow”
Father said that he was going out of town the following day.
 Ana told John: “My father warned me last night.”
Ana told John that her father had warned her the night before.
 My sister said to me: “I don’t like tennis.”
My sister said to me that she didn’tblike tennis.
 Tom said: “I didn’t go to school this morning.”
Tom said that he hadn’t gone to school that morning.
2. COMMAND.
Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu:
I. Positive Command.
II. Negative Command.
Positive Command.
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to didepan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara dua kalimat penggantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah:
He asked me
to + infinitive
He told me
Contoh:
 He asked me: “Open your book”
He asked to open my book
 Ayu told me: “Stop talking to Jane”
Ayu told me to stop talking to Jane
 Mother asked John: “Pay attention to want I say”
Mother asked John to pay attention to what she say
 John told Ayu: “Wait until I come”
John told Ayu to wait until he comes
 The teacher said to the students: “Be quiet while I am talking”
The teacher told the students to be quiet while he is talking
Negative Command.
Dalam perintah negative kita tambahkan not to didepan perintah yang dilaporkan.
Contoh:
 Mega told Banny: “Don’t wait for me”
Mega told Banny not to wait for her
 I told him: “Don’t mention it to anyone”
I told him not to mention it to anyone
 Father asked her: “Don’t go there alone”
Father asked her not to go there alone
 Ira asked Tom: “Don’t come to my house again”
Ira asked Tom not to come to her house again
 Mother asked Tom: “Don’t smoke too much”
Mother asked Tom not to smoke too much
3. QUESTION.
Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti: Where, When, Why, What, Who, How dan lain-lain, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam Reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubah menjadi bentuk positif. Kalimat penganntarnya ialah:
He asked me where
+ Positive Form.
When etc.
Contoh:
 The man asked me: “Where do you live?”
The man asked me where I lived
 Tom asked Jane: “Why do you get angry with me?”
Tom asked Jane why she got angry with him
 I asked him: “When did you get back from your trip?”
I asked him when did you get back from his trip
 He asked me: “How will you go there?”
He asked me how I would go there
 John asked the girl: “ What is your name?”
John asked the girl what her name was
DAFTAR KEPUSTAKAAN
1. M.J Lado “Mastering English Grammer and Idioms”
2. Marcella Frank “Modern English”
3. Robert Krohn “ English Structure”
4. Thomson and Martinet “ Pratical English Grammar”
5. Herpinus Simanjuntak “Bahasa Inggris system 52M”